Residues and Contaminants in Fresh Fruit from Conventional Cultivation, 2018
Report from a day in the lab
Kathi Hacker, Ellen Scherbaum
Summary
The analysis of fresh fruit from conventional cultivation shows almost no change in the residue situation. Every 14th sample was in violation due to an exceedance of the maximum level. Three of the analyzed samples contained pesticides in amounts that pose a health risk. Residues were found in 95 % of the samples. Washing the fruit with warm water before eating removes some of the residues.
Overview
In 2018 a total of 785 samples of fresh fruit from conventional cultivation were analyzed by CVUA Stuttgart for residues of over 750 different pesticides, pesticide metabolites, and contaminants. In all, 745 of these samples (95 %) contained residues from a total of 192 different pesticide substances (compared to 190 substances in 2017; 188 in 2016; 179 in 2015; 192 in 2014; 193 in 2013; 197 in 2012; and 184 in 2011). A total of 4,875 residues were found (according to the legal definition; see also Annexes 3 and 4).
There were exceedances of the maximum residue level (MRL) in 55 fruit samples (7.0 %). The rate of violations was similar to that of the previous year (7.0 % in 2017; 6.9 % in 2016; 5.2 % in 2015; 11 % in 2014; 4.8 % in 2013; 4.5 % in 2012; and 3.6 % in 2011). The rate of exceedances for chlorate lay at 2.4 % of the samples (2.9 % in 2017; 2.1 % in 2016; 1.6 % in 2015; 6.9 % in 2014).
The rate of detection for chlorate lay much lower than that for vegetables. When formal rejections due to chlorate are not included, the number of violations lies at 36 samples, with an MRL exceedance rate of 4.6 %.
Info Box
Maximum Residue Levels
Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are not toxicological endpoints or toxicological limits. They are derived from residue investigations carried out under realistic conditions. The expected residues are then compared with toxicological limit values, in order to ensure that lifelong or a one-time intake of the substance does not pose a health risk. Maximum residue levels regulate trade, and are not permitted to be exceeded.
Food containing residues above the MRL are not marketable; they may not be sold. Not every exceedance of an MRL poses a health risk, however. It is therefore important to make differentiated observations.
Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) brochure: “Pflanzenschutzmittel – sorgfältig geprüft, verantwortungsvoll zugelassen”, November 2009
Results in Detail
All of the samples were routinely analyzed using the QuEChERS multi-method and QuPPe method (for very polar substances; see also http://quppe.eu) for over 750 substances. Table 1 gives an overview of the analyzed fruit samples, itemized by country of origin.
Fresh Fruit |
Domestic Samples
|
Other EU Countries
|
Third Countries
|
Unknown Origin
|
Total Samples
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Samples |
191
|
296
|
264
|
34
|
785
|
With residues |
185 (97 %)
|
283 (96 %)
|
245 (93 %)
|
32 (94 %)
|
745 (95 %)
|
Exceedances of MRL |
10 (5 %)
|
18 (6 %)
|
25 (9 %)
|
2 (6 %)
|
55 (7 %)
|
Ave. quantity of pesticide (mg/kg) |
3.1
|
2.5
|
1.8
|
1.7
|
2.4
|
Ave. quantity of pesticide, excluding fosetyl (sum), surface treatment agents, and bromide (mg/kg)* |
0.44
|
0.35
|
0.43
|
0.44
|
0.40
|
Ave. no. substances per sample |
6.5
|
5.9
|
5.1
|
6
|
5.8
|
The samples came from 40 different countries, although most were from Germany (191), Spain (181), Italy (76), South Africa (63), Turkey (39), Peru (26) and Chile (21).
In 2018, almost all of the fruit samples (95 % of 745) contained residues. According to the official definition of residues (see Annex 4), 192 different pesticide substances were detected; when all metabolites and contaminants are included, this comprises more than 200 individual substances.
An average of 5.8 different substances was detected per sample. Excluding fosetyl (sum), bromide, and the surface treatment agents thiabendazole, imazalil and ortho-phenylphenol, which are often found on the peel of citrus fruits and to some extent on stone and exotic fruits, the average amount of pesticide residues was 0.40 mg/kg.
Three of the analyzed fruit samples from conventional cultivation contained amounts that exhausted the ARfD established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) PRIMo Model by 100 %:
- Pineapple from Ghana with ethephone residues
- Mango from the Ivory Coast with chlorpyrifos residues
- Pear from Italy with nicotine residues
The pear sample with nicotine residues was determined to be unsuitable for human consumption, according to Article 14, Para. 2 b VO (EC) No. 178/2002. (See also „Nicotine in Food – What Does Smoking Have To Do With It?“). Whether eating the pineapple and mango samples poses an acute health hazard is difficult to judge because, in accordance with the legally established definition of residues, these fruits must be analyzed together with their peels. A reliable risk assessment for the edible parts of the fruits is therefore difficult.
Info Box
Acute Reference Dose (ARfD)
For the evaluation of pesticides that have a high, acute toxicity and that can cause health damage after just a single or short-term intake, the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) value is only appropriate to a limited extent. Since the ADI is derived from long-term studies, it is possibly inadequate as a measure of acute risk from residues in food. Therefore, in addition to the ADI value, a further exposure limit has been established, the so-called acute reference dose (ARfD). The World Health Organization defined the ARfD as the amount of a substance one can consume over the period of one day or in one meal without resulting in any discernible health risk. Other than for the ADI, the ARfD value is not determined for every pesticide, but only for such substances that, when taken in sufficient quantities, could cause damage to one’s health even after just one exposure.
EFSA calculation model Pesticide Residue Intake Model “PRIMo”–rev.3
Table 2 shows an overview of the analytical results for different fruit groups.
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
No. Findings > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berries |
219
|
212 (97 %)
|
204 (93 %)
|
15 (7 %)
|
15
|
Chlorate (7x); Fosetyl, sum (3x); Spinosad; Dodine; Acrinathrin; Nicotine; DEET |
Exotic fruits |
157
|
140 (89 %)
|
113 (72 %)
|
16 (10 %)
|
20
|
Chlorate (4x); Fosetyl, sum (4x); Ethephon (3x); Boscalid (2x); tau-Fluvalinate; Chlorpyrifos; Chlorpyrifos-methyl; Acetamiprid; Dithiocarbamates; Fenvalerate and Esfenvalerate, sum; Sulfoxaflor |
Pome fruits |
107
|
105 (98 %)
|
103 (96 %)
|
4 (4 %)
|
4
|
Chlorate; Chlorpropham; Nicotine; Chlormequatchloride |
Stone fruits |
193
|
189 (98 %)
|
180 (93 %)
|
8 (4 %)
|
8
|
Fosetyl, sum (4x); Chlorate; Dimethoate; DEET; Chlormequatchloride |
Citrus fruits |
109
|
99 (91 %)
|
98 (90 %)
|
12 (11 %)
|
12
|
Chlorate (6x); Dicofol; Chlorpyrifos; Chlorfenapyr; Glufosinate, sum; Nicotine; Fenvalerate and Esfenvalerate, sum |
TOTAL |
785
|
745 (95 %)
|
698 (89 %)
|
55 (7 %)
|
|
Citrus and exotic fruits contained the most exceedances of the MRL. Annex 1 lists the MRL exceedances in conventionally produced fresh fruits; Annexes 2 and 3 show the frequency distribution of the detected substances.
Presentation of Results for Specific Types of Fruit
Berries contained an average of 6.1different substances and 0.54 mg pesticide per kg (average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl (sum), surface treatment agents and bromide) (Table 3). In 2017, in comparison, berries contained an average of 7.2 different substances and an average of 0.60 pesticide per kg. These sensitive fruits are vulnerable to mold; in damp weather this can lead to increased use of fungicide. In 2018, however, the summer was nice and warm, as seen in the lower amounts of residues in the samples.
A total of 75 strawberry samples were analyzed; 24 from Germany and 45 from Spain. Residues were detected in all of the samples. The most frequently detected substances were trifloxystrobin, fosetyl (sum), fluopyram, cyprodinil and fludioxonil. Up to 15 different substances were found in one strawberry sample.
Matrix |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blackberry |
17
|
16 (94 %)
|
15 (88 %)
|
2 (12 %)
|
Chlorate (2x) |
Strawberry |
75
|
75 (100 %)
|
72 (96 %)
|
7 (9 %)
|
Chlorate (5x); Acrinathrin; Spinosad |
Blueberry |
30
|
25 (83 %)
|
23 (77 %)
|
2 (7 %)
|
DEET; Fosetyl, sum |
Raspberry |
20
|
20 (100 %)
|
19 (95 %)
|
1 (5 %)
|
Nicotine |
Currant |
26
|
26 (100 %)
|
26 (100 %)
|
2 (8 %)
|
Dodine; Fosetyl, sum |
Gooseberry |
7
|
7 (100 %)
|
7 (100 %)
|
1 (14 %)
|
Fosetyl, sum |
Table grape |
42
|
42 (100 %)
|
42 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Lingonberry |
1
|
1*
|
-
|
-
|
|
Sea buckthorn berry |
1
|
0
|
-
|
-
|
|
TOTAL |
219
|
212 (97 %)
|
204 (93 %)
|
15 (7 %)
|
Pome fruits contained an average of 8.2 different substances and 0.44 mg pesticide per kg ((average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl (sum), surface treatment agents and bromide)).
Matrix |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apple |
51
|
50 (98 %)
|
50 (98 %)
|
1 (2 %)
|
Chlorpropham |
Pear |
48
|
47 (98 %)
|
47 (98 %)
|
3 (6 %)
|
Chlorate; Nicotine; Chlormequat chloride |
Quince |
4
|
4*
|
4
|
-
|
|
Medlar |
4
|
4
|
2
|
-
|
|
TOTAL |
107
|
105 (98 %)
|
103 (96 %)
|
4 (4 %)
|
Conventionally produced apples and pears often contain pesticide residues. A total of 51 apple samples were analyzed, 37 of which came from Germany. Only one German sample was free of any detectable residues. A further 48 pear samples were examined, 11 from Germany. Only one pear from Italy was residue free. The substances most often detected in pears and apples were captan (fungicide), chlorantraniliprol (insecticide) and phosphonic acid (fosetyl, sum; fungicide).
Stone fruits contained an average of 5.7 different substances and 0.29 mg pesticide per kg (average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl, sum; surface treatment agents; and bromide).
Matrix |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apricot |
31
|
31 (100 %)
|
30 (97 %)
|
-
|
|
Avocado |
15
|
13 (87 %)
|
11 (73 %)
|
1 (7 %)
|
Chlormequat chloride |
Mirabelle |
3
|
2*
|
2
|
1
|
Fosetyl, sum |
Nectarine |
27
|
27 (100 %)
|
26 (96 %)
|
-
|
|
Peach |
21
|
21 (100 %)
|
21 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Plum |
70
|
69 (99 %)
|
65 (93 %)
|
3 (4 %)
|
Fosetyl, sum (2x); DEET |
Sweet Cherry |
23
|
23 (100 %)
|
22 (96 %)
|
3 (13 %)
|
Chlorate; Dimethoate; Fosetyl, sum |
Sour Cherry |
3
|
3
|
3
|
-
|
|
TOTAL |
193
|
189 (98 %)
|
180 (93 %)
|
8 (4 %)
|
Citrus fruits contained an average of 6.4 different substances and 0.32 mg pesticide per kg (average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl, sum; surface treatment agents; and bromide) (Table 6).
When the surface treatment substances thiabendazol, imazalil and orthophenylphenol, often applied to the peel of citrus fruits in large amounts, are included in the calculation, the average comes to 1.3 mg pesticide per kg.
Matrix |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clementine |
21
|
20 (95 %)
|
20 (95 %)
|
2 (10 %)
|
Chlorate (2x) |
Grapefruit |
27
|
26 (96 %)
|
26 (96 %)
|
2 (7 %)
|
Chlorate; Fenvalerate and Esfenvalerate, sum |
Kumquat |
3
|
0*
|
-
|
-
|
|
Lime |
10
|
10 (100 %)
|
10 (100 %)
|
3 (30 %)
|
Chlorate (2x); Chlorfenapyr |
Mandarine |
12
|
11 (92 %)
|
11 (92 %)
|
2 (17 %)
|
Chlorate; Nicotine |
Orange |
22
|
18 (82 %)
|
18 (82 %)
|
1 (5 %)
|
Dicofol |
Pomelo |
5
|
5 (100 %)
|
5 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Satsuma |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Sweetie |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Lemon |
7
|
7 (100 %)
|
6 (86 %)
|
2 (29 %)
|
Chlorpyrifos; Glufosinate, sum |
TOTAL |
109
|
99 (91 %)
|
98 (90 %)
|
12 (11 %)
|
Exotic fruits contained an average of 3.3 different substances and 0.37 mg pesticide per kg (excluding fosetyl, sum; surface treatment substances and bromide). Fortunately, the situation regarding pomegranates improved: last year 36 % of the pomegranates (mostly from Turkey) were in violation for exceeding the MRL. In 2018 this rate was significantly lower, at 13 %.
Matrix |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pineapple |
16
|
16 (100 %)
|
16 (100 %)
|
2 (13 %)
|
Ethephon (2x) |
Banana |
21
|
21 (100 %)
|
21 (100 %)
|
1 (5 %)
|
Chlorate |
Date |
1
|
1*
|
1
|
-
|
|
Fig |
8
|
4 (50 %)
|
1 (13 %)
|
1 (13 %)
|
Dithiocarbamates |
Pomegranate |
32
|
31 (97 %)
|
28 (88 %)
|
4 (13 %)
|
Boscalid (2x); Fosetyl, sum (2x); Acetamiprid; Fenvalerate and Esfenvalerate, sum; Sulfoxaflor; tau-Fluvalinate |
Persimmon |
8
|
7 (88 %)
|
4 (50 %)
|
-
|
|
Cactus fruit |
2
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
Cape gooseberry |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Carambola |
2
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
Kiwi |
16
|
16 (100 %)
|
11 (69 %)
|
1 (6 %)
|
Chlorpyrifos-methyl |
Litchi |
2
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
Chlorate |
Mango |
26
|
25 (96 %)
|
20 (77 %)
|
4 (15 %)
|
Chlorate; Chlorpyrifos; Ethephon; Fosetyl, sum |
Maracuja |
11
|
6 (55 %)
|
5 (45 %)
|
1 (9 %)
|
Chlorate |
Papaya |
6
|
3 (50 %)
|
1 (17 %)
|
1 (17 %)
|
Fosetyl, sum |
Rhubarb |
5
|
3 (60 %)
|
1 (20 %)
|
-
|
|
TOTAL |
157
|
140 (89 %)
|
113 (72 %)
|
16 (10 %)
|
Multiple Residues
Residues from multiple pesticides were also detected in a large number of fruit samples in 2018: 89 % of the 698 samples contained residues of two or more substances (91 % in 2017; 90 % in 2016; 89 % in 2015). Illustration 1 depicts the multiple residues in various types of fruit in 2018.
The highest number of substances was found in a sample of table grapes from India, with 20 different substances, followed by sweet cherries from Turkey, with 19 substances.
The residue findings are strongly dependent on the type of sample and their country of origin. Since the particular focus and risk-oriented questions are different each year, the results from one year cannot be seen as representative of the general situation.
Illustration 1: Multiple residues in various types of fruit (CVUAS, 2018)
When making comparisons of the number of pesticide substances used, one must consider that the individual cultures are grown in different climate zones, and are thus exposed to different degrees of pressure from pests. It is therefore necessary to take individual, often different measures of plant protection.
Substances with special features
Phosphonic Acid
Phosphonic acid residues can result from the usage of the fungicidal plant protectors fosetyl and phosphonic acid (allowed in Germany in fruit and vegetable farming, such as grapes, blackberries and strawberries), as well as from the earlier usage of plant strengtheners (so-called leaf fertilizers). A legal maximum has been determined for the sum of fosetyl and phosphonic acid, as well as their salts.
Fully 47 % (372 samples) of all the analyzed fruit samples from conventional cultivation were detected with phosphonic acid, calculated as fosetyl, sum, (in German blackberries) in amounts up to 48 mg/kg. Fosetyl per se was only detected in four samples (2x table grapes, strawberries and blackberries), whereby phosphonic acid was always found in these samples (see Table 8). Violations occurred in 11 samples (1.4 %) due to exceedances of the maximum for fosetyl, sum (see Annex 1).
The average rate of pesticide per sample is strongly influenced by the comparatively high average amount of fosetyl residues. Therefore, Table 1 presents the average rates of pesticides per sample both with and without fosetyl (sum).
Info Box
Phosphonic Acid and Fosetyl
Both fosetyl and phosphonic acid are fungicides that are permitted for use in the EU, and fall under the applications area of Reg. (EC) No. 396/2005, regardless of their path of entry.
In addition to the use of a fungicide, another feasible means of exposure could have been via leaf fertilizers that contained phosphonates (salts of phosphonic acid). The “new” categorization of phosphonic acids as a fungicide precludes this application, however. There are some indications that plants retain the phosphonic acids, only eliminating them over a period of some years.
Matrix | Phosphonic Acid (mg/kg) | Fosetyl (mg/kg) | Fosetyl, sum (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
Blackberry (13x) | 0.3 – 35.5 | 0.72 | 0.40 – 47.7 |
Strawberry (41x) | 0.057 – 30.3 | 0.030 | 0.077 – 40.7 |
Blueberry (12x) | 0.052 – 7.1 | 0.070 – 9.5 | |
Raspberry (12x) | 0.089 – 11.1 | 0.12 – 14.9 | |
Currant (2x) | 0.062 – 4.6 | 0.083 – 6.2 | |
Gooseberry (2x) | 0.072 – 5.1 | 0.097 – 6.8 | |
Table wine grape (33x) | 0.055 – 29.4 | 0.033 – 0.097 | 0.074 – 39.5 |
Pineapple (16x) | 0.17 – 13.8 | 0.23 – 18.5 | |
Banana | 0.13 | 0.17 | |
Fig | 0.28 | 0.38 | |
Pomegranate (16x) | 0.096 – 6.6 | 0.13 – 8.9 | |
Persimmon | 0.32 | 0.43 | |
Karambole | 0.12 | 0.16 | |
Kiwi (9x) | 0.23 – 7.1 | 0.31 – 9.5 | |
Mango (5x) | 0.067 – 1.8 | 0.090 – 2.4 | |
Maracuja (4x) | 0.056 – 0.58 | 0.075 – 0.78 | |
Papaya | 2.4 | 3.2 | |
Apple (37x) | 0.077 – 10.4 | 0.10 – 14.0 | |
Pear (36x) | 0.052 – 32.8 | 0.070 – 44.1 | |
Medlar (2x) | 0.056 – 0.13 | 0.075 – 0.17 | |
Apricot (5x) | 0.054 – 0.89 | 0.073 – 1.2 | |
Avocado (12x) | 0.12 – 20.0 | 0.16 – 26.9 | |
Mirabelle | 2.6 | 3.5 | |
Nectarine (6x) | 0.076 – 1.5 | 0.10 – 2.0 | |
Peach (5x) | 0.048 – 0.25 | 0.064 – 0.34 | |
Plum (14x) | 0.053 – 2.3 | 0.071 – 3.1 | |
Sour Cherry | 0.78 | 1.0 | |
Sweet Cherry (11x) | 0.062 – 1.5 | 0.083 – 2.1 | |
Clementine (18x) | 0.099 – 5.4 | 0.13 – 7.3 | |
Grapefruit (19x) | 0.062 – 5.3 | 0.083 – 7.1 | |
Lime (8x) | 0.054 – 3.8 | 0.073 – 5.1 | |
Mandarine (8x) | 0.093 – 6.6 | 0.12 – 8.9 | |
Orange (13x) | 0.068 – 6.3 | 0.091 – 8.5 | |
Satsumas | 0.12 | 0.16 | |
Lemon (5x) | 0.083 – 7.1 | 0.11 – 9.5 |
Chlorate
The presence of chlorate residues in plant-based foods can have causes other than its application as an herbicide (see Info Box). In fruit, however, chlorate findings play a very minor role in comparison to vegetables (see Illustration 4). Just 19 samples (2.4 %) were in violation due to an exceedance of the MRL for chlorate; for vegetables it was 18 % in this reporting year.
Info Box
Chlorate
Chlorates are effective as both herbicides and biocides. Since 2008, however, chlorate is no longer authorized for use as a pesticide* in the EU. Sodium chlorate may also no longer be used in biocide products.
The definition for „pesticide residues“ in Regulation (EC) Nr. 396/2005 also encompasses residues from pesticidal substances in food (including substances no longer authorized) that have pathways other than from the use of plant protectors (so-called dual-use substances), such as chlorate in food. Chlorate is thereby covered by the EU-wide valid default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg, in accordance with Reg. (EC) Nr. 396/2005. In December 2017 in Germany maximum values were determined for the treatment of drinking water when the disinfection can’t be otherwise guaranteed: 70 µg/L chlorate for long-term application and 200 µg/L chlorate for a short-term dosage.**
The presence of chlorate in food can result not only from its use as a pesticide, but also due to environmental pollution (contaminated rain- or irrigation water and soil), or as a residual of food production techniques, including methods used in farming, processing, preparation, or treatment. The application of biocides, from which chlorate can result, is another possible source of contamination. In general, chlorate can be formed as a by-product of the disinfection of drinking/ industrial water with chlorine gas, hypochlorite, or chlorine dioxide.
Chlorate inhibits, reversibly, the intake of iodine into the thyroid gland and can cause unwanted health effects, especially in sensitive people such as children, pregnant women, or people with thyroid dysfunction. In addition to affecting thyroid function, chlorate can also damage the erythrocytes (formation of methaemoglobin, haemolysis)***.
The member states are carrying out a monitoring program to determine the degree of food and drinking water contamination, in order to provide data for a toxicological evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Specific residue MRLs will then be established based on this information.
* 10 November 2008 decision of the Commision regarding the non-inclusion of chlorate in Annex I of the RL 91/414/EWG of the Council and the repeal of authorization for pesticides containing this substance (ABl. L307/7 from 18.11.2008)
** Chlorate in drinking water:
19. Bekanntmachung der Liste der Aufbereitungsstoffe und Desinfektionsverfahren gemäß § 11 der Trinkwasserverordnung
*** Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Recommendations of the BfR for health-based assessment of chlorate residues in food, from 12 May 20144, accessed on 6 Feb. 2019
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) derived an acute reference dose (ARfD) for chlorate of 0.036 mg/kg bodyweight. Applying EFSA’s EU-based PRIMo-Model for young children and a variability factor of 1, none of the samples exceeded the toxicological reference value. There was, therefore, no acute health risk. Nevertheless, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) recommends continuing efforts to reduce the possible entries of chlorate into the food chain and the resulting risk to consumers [1]. Analyses of chlorate residues will continue in 2019.
Photo Credits
CVUA Stuttgart, Pesticide laboratory
References
[1] BfR, Der Eintrag von Chlorat in die Nahrungskette sollte reduziert werden; Aktualisierte Stellungnahme Nr. 007/2018 des BfR vom 15. Februar 2018 (aufgerufen am 06.02.2019)
Annexes
Substance | Fruits with MRL Exceedances |
---|---|
Acetamiprid | Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Acrinathrin | Strawberry (Spain) |
Boscalid | Pomegranate (Turkey 2x) |
Chlorate | Passion fruit (South Africa); Lime (Mexico 2x); Grapefruit (Spain); Lychee (South Africa); Strawberry (Spain 4x, Germany); Clementine (Spain 2x); Mandarine (Spain); Blackberry (Spain, Not Specified); Banana (Colombia); Cherry (Spain); Mango (USA); Pear (Portugal) |
Chlorfenapyr | Lime (Brazil) |
Chlormequatchloride, sum | Pear (Germany); Avocado (Spain) |
Chlorpropham | Apple (Germany) |
Chlorpyrifos | Lemon (Turkey); Mango (Africa) |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl | Kiwi (Italy) |
DEET | Blueberry (Poland); Plum (Germany) |
Dicofol | Orange (Spain) |
Dimethoate | Cherry (Turkey) |
Dithiocarbamates | Figs (Brazil) |
Dodine | Currant (Germany) |
Ethephon | Pineapple (Dominican Republic, Ghana); Mango (Egypt) |
Fenvalerate and Esfenvalerate, sum |
Grapefruit (Turkey); Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Fosetyl, sum | Plum (Turkey, Moldavia); Mango (Peru); Papaya (Brazil); Pomegranate (Peru, Turkey); Cherry (Turkey); Blueberry (Germany); Currant (Germany); Gooseberry (Germany); Mirabelle (Germany) |
Glufosinate, sum | Lemon (South Africa) |
Nicotine | Pear (Italy); Mandarine (Spain); Raspberry (Germany) |
Spinosad | Strawberry (Not Specified) |
Sulfoxaflor | Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Tau-Fluvalinate | Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Annex 2: Frequency of detection of the most important substances* for fresh fruit, by type of fruit, as percentage all analyzed samples (CVUAS, 2018)
Pesticides and Metabolites |
Number of Findings
|
mg/kg
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 0.01
|
< 0.05
|
< 0.2
|
< 1
|
< 5
|
< 20
|
> 20
|
Max.
|
||
Fosetyl, sum |
372
|
0
|
0
|
71
|
108
|
160
|
18
|
15
|
47.7
|
Fludioxonil |
274
|
97
|
32
|
56
|
72
|
17
|
0
|
0
|
3.9
|
Boscalid |
178
|
63
|
58
|
32
|
21
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
Cyprodinil |
163
|
77
|
29
|
26
|
27
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
1.9
|
Fluopyram |
145
|
54
|
42
|
38
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.66
|
Trifloxystrobin |
142
|
53
|
53
|
23
|
13
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.52
|
Tebuconazole |
132
|
68
|
35
|
25
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.74
|
Chloranthraniliprole |
111
|
77
|
31
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.19
|
Pyrimethanil |
110
|
60
|
15
|
11
|
20
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
3.7
|
Myclobutanil |
109
|
62
|
29
|
11
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.85
|
Pyraclostrobin |
109
|
49
|
38
|
17
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.52
|
Acetamiprid |
107
|
61
|
37
|
9
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.15
|
Captan |
100
|
19
|
32
|
23
|
22
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
2.1
|
Imazalil |
94
|
7
|
6
|
7
|
34
|
40
|
0
|
0
|
3.5
|
Azoxystrobin |
90
|
44
|
12
|
17
|
17
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.96
|
Thiacloprid |
90
|
54
|
32
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.072
|
Lambda-Cyhalothrin |
85
|
52
|
29
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.12
|
Imazalil met. FK411 |
77
|
29
|
32
|
14
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.39
|
Chlorate |
73
|
51
|
19
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.28
|
Difenoconazole |
73
|
62
|
7
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.091
|
Spinosad |
68
|
31
|
21
|
9
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1.2
|
Pyriproxyfen |
64
|
39
|
22
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.15
|
Thiabendazole |
62
|
23
|
5
|
11
|
12
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
3.2
|
Chlorpyrifos |
61
|
38
|
18
|
4
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.22
|
Pirimicarb |
61
|
41
|
13
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.22
|
Acetamiprid met. IM-2-1 |
60
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.009
|
Imidacloprid |
60
|
43
|
14
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.97
|
Chlorpyrifos-methyl |
59
|
31
|
21
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.22
|
Spirotetramat, sum |
59
|
34
|
21
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.26
|
Dithianon |
58
|
11
|
29
|
11
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1.5
|
Carbendazim, sum |
45
|
30
|
13
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.098
|
Cypermethrin, sum |
44
|
23
|
12
|
9
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.14
|
Iprodione |
44
|
27
|
9
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
1.4
|
Dimethomorph |
43
|
26
|
7
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
1.1
|
Fenhexamid |
42
|
13
|
10
|
6
|
12
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
2.5
|
Cyprodinil met. CGA304075 |
41
|
20
|
12
|
7
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.26
|
Etofenprox |
41
|
16
|
10
|
12
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.32
|
Imidacloprid, Olefin- |
40
|
32
|
6
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.18
|
Penconazole |
40
|
31
|
7
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.081
|
Indoxacarb |
36
|
23
|
8
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.12
|
Methoxyfenozide |
35
|
19
|
15
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.078
|
Deltamethrin |
34
|
22
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.032
|
Prochloraz, sum |
34
|
9
|
2
|
9
|
10
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
3.7
|
Thiabendazole-5-hydroxy |
33
|
24
|
8
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.05
|
Hexythiazox |
32
|
26
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.18
|
Fluopyram-Benzamide |
31
|
30
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.012
|
Propiconazole |
30
|
19
|
5
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
1.4
|
2.4-D, sum |
26
|
15
|
4
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.28
|
Pendimethalin |
26
|
25
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.015
|
Flonicamid, sum |
25
|
21
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.027
|
Gibberellic acid |
25
|
7
|
7
|
8
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.24
|
Dithiocarbamates |
24
|
0
|
1
|
14
|
7
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
Fenbuconazole |
24
|
14
|
7
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.15
|
Dodine |
23
|
17
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.13
|
Ethephon |
23
|
0
|
11
|
8
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
4.5
|
Quinoxyfen |
23
|
8
|
4
|
10
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.3
|
Bifenthrin |
22
|
12
|
7
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.075
|
o-Phenylphenol |
22
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.6
|
Tebufenpyrad |
22
|
10
|
8
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.18
|
Spirodiclofen |
21
|
14
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.031
|
Abamectin, sum |
20
|
16
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.082
|
Tebufenozide |
19
|
11
|
5
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.1
|
Metalaxyl (-M) |
17
|
11
|
2
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.62
|
Buprofezin |
16
|
6
|
7
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.13
|
Pirimicarb, desmethyl- |
16
|
13
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.038
|
Boscalid met. M510F01 |
15
|
10
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.036
|
Glufosinate, sum |
15
|
0
|
11
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.45
|
Bifenazate, sum |
14
|
1
|
7
|
3
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.35
|
Cyproconazole |
14
|
13
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.018
|
Fenoxycarb |
14
|
13
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.035
|
Fenpyroximate |
14
|
8
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.044
|
Clothianidin |
13
|
13
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.008
|
Metrafenone |
13
|
5
|
2
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1.5
|
Trimethylsulfonium cation |
13
|
9
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.067
|
Fenpropimorph |
12
|
10
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.019
|
Triclopyr |
12
|
11
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.09
|
Ethephon met. HEPA |
11
|
0
|
7
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.55
|
Ethirimol |
11
|
8
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.032
|
Kresoxim-methyl |
11
|
6
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.036
|
Phosmet, sum |
11
|
4
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.086
|
Spinetoram |
11
|
10
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.015
|
Chlormequatchloride, sum |
10
|
4
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.72
|
Fluxapyroxad |
10
|
9
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.096
|
Omethoate |
10
|
7
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.045
|
Thiamethoxam |
10
|
8
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.025
|
Thiophanat-methyl |
10
|
6
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.035
|
DEET |
9
|
7
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.12
|
Emamectin B1a/B1b |
9
|
8
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.011
|
Forchlorfenuron |
9
|
9
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
Pirimicarb-desamido |
9
|
8
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.015
|
Cyflufenamid |
8
|
5
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.029
|
Etoxazole |
8
|
5
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.02
|
Fluopicolide |
8
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.19
|
Cyfluthrin |
7
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.012
|
Flutriafol |
7
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.035
|
Folpet |
7
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.007
|
Malathion, sum |
7
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.018
|
Proquinazid |
7
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.054
|
Pyridaben |
7
|
4
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.026
|
Sulfoxaflor |
7
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.057
|
Ametoctradin |
6
|
4
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.023
|
Bupirimate |
6
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.15
|
Chlorothalonil |
6
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.15
|
Iprodione met. RP30228 |
6
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.035
|
Metalaxyl met. CGA94689 |
6
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.005
|
Spiroxamine |
6
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.093
|
tau-Fluvalinate |
6
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.058
|
Cyazofamid |
5
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.081
|
Fenpyrazamine |
5
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.38
|
Myclobutanil met. RH9090 |
5
|
3
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.041
|
Nicotine |
5
|
1
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.022
|
Tetraconazole |
5
|
4
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.013
|
Benzyladenine |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Bromopropylate |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.006
|
Diflubenzuron |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.007
|
MCPA |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.005
|
Metalaxyl met. CGA108905 |
4
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.033
|
Milbemectin, sum |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.009
|
Penthiopyrad |
4
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.059
|
Piperonyl butoxide |
4
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.38
|
Triadimenol |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.007
|
Triflumizole, sum |
4
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.079
|
Triflumuron |
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.008
|
Acrinathrin |
3
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.023
|
Chlorfenapyr |
3
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.014
|
Cyantraniliprole |
3
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.056
|
Diazinon |
3
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.019
|
Dimethoate |
3
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.063
|
Fenpropidin |
3
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Fenvalerate and Esfenvalerate, sum |
3
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.04
|
Fluazifop |
3
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.005
|
Metalaxyl met. CGA107955 |
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.054
|
Novaluron |
3
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.006
|
Propyzamide |
3
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Pyrethrins |
3
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.018
|
Ametryn |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
BAC (n=8-18) |
2
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.014
|
Chloridazon, sum |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.015
|
Chlorpropham |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.02
|
Clofentezine |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.008
|
Cyazofamid met. CCIM |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
Dicloran |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Diflufenican |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
Dioxacarb |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
Diphenylamine |
2
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.033
|
Diuron |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
Endosulfan, sum |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.016
|
Famoxadone |
2
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.17
|
Fenazaquin |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.022
|
Fenbutatin oxide |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.012
|
Fenthion, sum |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
Flusilazole |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Formetanate hydrochloride |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.014
|
Iprovalicarb |
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.016
|
Lufenuron |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Mandipropamid |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
Methiocarb, sum |
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.008
|
Spiromesifen |
2
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.52
|
1-NAD and 1-NAA, sum |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.005
|
Amitrole |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.008
|
Benalaxyl |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.017
|
Bromuconazole |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.005
|
Carbanilide |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Chlorothalonil-4-hydroxy |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
DDAC (n=8, 10, 12) |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.028
|
Dicamba |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.005
|
Dichlorprop |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.004
|
Dicofol |
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.11
|
Dimethenamid, sum |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Epoxiconazole |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
ETU |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.021
|
Fluazinam |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Flubendiamide |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
Haloxyfop |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Hexazinone |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.003
|
Icaridin |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.024
|
Mepanipyrim |
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.22
|
Mepanipyrim met. M31 |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.03
|
Metalaxyl met.CGA67869 |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
Oxamyl-oxime |
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.1
|
Oxyfluorfen |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
Paclobutrazol |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.009
|
Pentachlorphenol |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Permethrin |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Propamocarb |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.01
|
Pymetrozine |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.002
|
Pyraclofos |
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.27
|
Quintozene, sum |
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.1
|
Terbutylazine-desethyl |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.001
|
Trichlamide |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.011
|
Trifloxystrobin met. CGA321112 |
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.017
|
Trinexapac |
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.003
|
Parameter | Included in the residue definition and analytically recorded |
---|---|
1-Naphthylacetic acid, sum | 1-Naphthylacetamide 1-Naphthylacetic acid |
Abamectin | Avermectin B1a Avermectin B1b 8,9-Z-Avermectin B1a |
Aldicarb, sum | Aldicarb Aldicarb-sulfoxide Aldicarb-sulfone |
Amitraz, sum | Amitraz BTS 27271 |
Benzalkonium chloride, sum (BAC) | Benzyldimethyloctylammonium chloride (BAC-C8) Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride (BAC-C10) Benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC-C12) Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BAC-C14 Benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC-C16) Benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride (BAC-C18) |
Carbofuran, sum | Carbofuran 3-Hydroxy-Carbofuran |
Chloridazon, sum | Chloridazon Chloridazon-desphenyl |
DDT, sum | DDE, pp- DDT, pp- DDD, pp- DDT, op- |
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, sum (DDAC) | Dioctyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C8) Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C10) Didodecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C12) |
Dieldrin, sum | Dieldrin Aldrin |
Disulfoton, sum | Disulfoton Disulfoton-sulfoxide Disulfoton-sulfone |
Endosulfan, sum | Endosulfan, alpha- Endosulfan, beta- Endosulfan-sulfate |
Fenamiphos, sum | Fenamiphos Fenamiphos-sulfoxide Fenamiphos-sulfone |
Fenthion, sum | Fenthion Fenthion-sulfoxide Fenthion-sulfone Fenthion-oxon Fenthion-oxon-sulfoxide Fenthion-oxon-sulfone |
Fipronil, sum | Fipronil Fipronil-sulfone |
Flonicamid, sum | Flonicamid TFNG TFNA |
Fosetyl, sum | Fosetyl Phosphonic acid |
Glufosinate, sum | Glufosinate MPP N-Acetyl-Glufosinate (NAG) |
Heptachlor, sum | Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide |
Malathion, sum | Malathion Malaoxon |
Methiocarb, sum | Methiocarb Methiocarb-sulfoxide Methiocarb-sulfone |
Milbemectin | Milbemectin A3 Milbemectin A4 |
Oxydemeton-S-methyl, sum | Oxydemeton-methyl Demeton-S-methyl-sulfone |
Parathion-methyl, sum | Parathion-methyl Paraoxon-methyl |
Phorate, sum | Phorate Phorate-sulfone Phorate-oxon Phorate-oxon-sulfone |
Phosmet, sum | Phosmet Phosmet-oxon |
Prochloraz, sum | Prochloraz 2,4,6-Trichlorphenol BTS 44595 BTS 44596 BTS 9608 BTS 40348 |
Pyrethrum, sum | Pyrethrin I Pyrethrin II Jasmolin I Jasmolin II Cinerin I Cinerin II |
Pyridate, sum | Pyridate Pyridafol |
Quintozene, sum | Quintozene Pentachloro-aniline |
Sethoxydim, sum | Sethoxydim Clethodim |
Spirotetramat, sum | Spirotetramat, Spirotetramat-enol, Spirotetramat,-ketohydroxy Spirotetramat,-monohydroxy Spirotetramat-enol-glykoside |
Tolylfluanid, sum | Tolylfluanid DMST |
Triflumizole, sum | Triflumizole FM-6-1 |
Translated by: Catherine Leiblein