Residues and Contaminants in Fresh Fruit from Conventional Cultivation, 2019
Report from a day in the lab
Ellen Scherbaum, Nadine Korte und Kathi Hacker
Summary
Our analysis of conventionally cultivated fresh fruit from 2019 shows an improvement over last year in terms of the residue situation. Although the frequency of pesticide detection (95 % of samples) and the levels therein were comparable, there were fewer cases of maximum residue exceedances, and these often concerned contaminants rather than pesticides. Three of the analyzed samples contained pesticides in amounts that posed a health risk. Our general tip: wash the fruit with warm water before eating, as this removes some of the residues.
Overview
In 2019 a total of 753 samples of fresh fruit from conventional cultivation were analyzed by CVUA Stuttgart for residues of over 750 different pesticides, pesticide metabolites, and contaminants. In all, 718 of these samples (95 %) contained residues from a total of 190 different pesticide substances (compared to 192 substances in 2018; 190 in 2017; 188 in 2016; 179 in 2015; and 192 in 2014). A total of 4,256 residues were found (according to the legal definition; see also Annexes 3 and 4).
There were exceedances of the maximum residue level (MRL) in 43 fruit samples (5.7 %). This rate of violations was lower than that of the previous year (7 % in 2018; 7 % in 2017; 6.9 % in 2016; 5.2 % in 2015; and 11 % in 2014).
The rate of exceedances for chlorate lay at 2.7 % of the samples (2.4 % in 2018; 2.9 % in 2017; 2.1 % in 2016; 1.6 % in 2015; and 6.9 % in 2014). This rate was much lower for fruit than for vegetables (14 %). When formal rejections exclude those for chlorate the number drops by almost half, to 23, with an MRL exceedance rate of 3.1 %, lower than in the previous year (4.6 %).
Info Box
Maximum Residue Levels
Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are not toxicological endpoints or limit values. They are derived from residue investigations carried out under realistic conditions. The expected residues are then compared with toxicological limit values, in order to ensure that neither a lifelong nor a one-time intake of the substance poses a health risk.
Maximum residue levels regulate trade and must not be exceeded. Food containing residues above the MRL are not marketable, hence they may not be sold. Not every exceedance of an MRL poses a health risk, however. It is important, therefore, to make differentiated observations.
Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) brochure. Plant protection substances – carefully checked, responsibly authorized.
November 2009
Detailed Results
All of the samples were routinely analyzed using the QuEChERS multi-method and the QuPPe method (for very polar substances; see also http://quppe.eu) for over 750 substances. Table 1 gives an overview of the analyzed fruit samples, itemized by country of origin.
Fresh Fruit |
Domestic Samples
|
Other EU Countries
|
Third Countries
|
Unknown Origin
|
Total Samples
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Samples |
191
|
255
|
286
|
22
|
753
|
With residues |
182 (96 %)
|
243 (95 %)
|
273 (95 %)
|
20 (91 %)
|
718 (95 %)
|
Exceedances of MRL |
5 (3 %)
|
13 (5 %)
|
23 (8 %)
|
2 (9 %)
|
43 (6 %)
|
Ave. quantity of pesticide (mg/kg) |
4.3
|
2.4
|
2.0
|
4.4
|
2.8
|
Ave. quantity of pesticide, excluding fosetyl (sum), surface treatment agents, and bromide (mg/kg)* |
0.46
|
0.57
|
0.35
|
0.23
|
0.45
|
Ave. no. substances per sample |
6.2
|
6.0
|
5.1
|
4.6
|
5.7
|
The samples came from 44 different countries, although most were from Germany (190), Spain (154), Italy (75), South Africa (61), Peru (25), Brazil (24) and Chile (22).
The year 2019 saw 718 (95 %) of the fruit samples with residues. According to the official definition of residues (see Annex 4), 190 different pesticide substances were detected.
An average of 5.7 different substances was detected per sample. The average amount of pesticide residues was 0.45 mg/kg, excluding fosetyl (sum), bromide, and the surface treatment agents thiabendazole, imazalil, prochloraz and ortho-phenylphenol, which are mainly found on the peel of citrus fruits and to some extent on stone and exotic fruits.
Three of the analyzed fruit samples from conventional cultivation contained amounts that exhausted the ARfD established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) PRIMo Model by 100 %:
- mango from Peru with omethoate residues
- mango of unknown origin with nicotine residues
- table grapes of unknown origin with nicotine residues
The table grape sample with nicotine residues was determined to be unsuitable for human consumption, according to Article 14, No. 2 b Reg (EC) No. 178/2002 (see also [1] in the Reference section).
Whether a mango poses an acute health hazard is difficult to judge because, in accordance with the legally established definition of residues, these fruits must be analyzed together with their peels. A reliable risk assessment for the edible parts of the fruits is therefore difficult to make.
Info Box
Acute Reference Dose (ARfD)
For the evaluation of pesticides that have a high, acute toxicity and that can cause health damage after just a single or short-term intake, the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) value is only appropriate to a limited extent. Since the ADI is derived from long-term studies, it is possibly inadequate as a measure of acute risk from residues in food. Therefore, in addition to the ADI value, a further exposure limit has been established, the so-called Acute Reference Dose (ARfD). The World Health Organization defines the ARfD as the amount of a substance one can consume over the period of one day or in one meal without resulting in any discernible health risk. Other than for the ADI, the ARfD value is not determined for every pesticide, but only for such substances that, when taken in sufficient quantities, could cause damage to one’s health even after just one exposure.
EFSA calculation model Pesticide Residue Intake Model “PRIMo”– revision 3.1
Table 2 shows an overview of the analytical results for different fruit groups.
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
No. Findings > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berries |
258
|
253 (98 %)
|
245 (95 %)
|
16 (6.2 %)
|
16
|
Chlorate (10x); Nicotine (2x); Cetrimonium chloride; Abamectin, sum; DEET; Icaridin |
Exotic Fruit |
164
|
143 (87 %)
|
114 (70 %)
|
16 (9.8 %)
|
21
|
Chlorate (5x); Fosetyl, sum (2x); Chlorpyrifos (2x); Chlorothalonil; Omethoate; Carbaryl; Dithiocarbamates; Paclobutrazol; Dodine; Cypermethrin; lambda-Cyhalothrin; Nicotine; Deltamethrin; Azoxystrobin; Sulfoxaflor |
Pome Fruit |
84
|
81 (96 %)
|
81 (96 %)
|
1 (1.2 %)
|
1
|
Chlorpropham |
Stone Fruit |
136
|
130 (96 %)
|
126 (93 %)
|
4 (2.9 %)
|
4
|
Chlorate (3x); Etofenprox |
Citrus Fruit |
111
|
111 (100 %)
|
108 (97 %)
|
6 (5.4 %)
|
8
|
Chlorate (2x); Fenbutatin oxide (2x); Profenofos; Chlorfenapyr; Lufenuron; Buprofezin |
TOTAL |
753
|
718 (95 %)
|
674 (90 %)
|
43 (5.7 %)
|
50
|
Citrus and exotic fruits contained the highest percentage of MRL exceedances (excluding chlorate). Annex 1 lists the MRL exceedances in conventionally produced fresh fruits; annexes 2 and 3 present the frequency distribution of the detected substances.
Presentation of Results for Specific Types of Fruit
Berries contained an average of 6.2 different substances and 0.56 mg pesticide per kg ((average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl (sum), surface treatment agents and bromide)). In 2018, in comparison, berries contained an average of 6.1 different substances and an average of 0.54 pesticide per kg. The situation is thereby unchanged.
These sensitive fruits are vulnerable to mold, especially in damp weather, so an increased use of fungicide may occur, depending on the weather situation. The samples from 2019 depict the warm summer, as seen in 2018 as well.
A total of 86 strawberry samples were analyzed; 48 from Germany and 29 from Spain. Residues were detected in almost all of the samples. The most frequently detected substances were the fungicides fosetyl (sum), trifloxystrobin, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, and fluopyram. Up to 12 different substances were found in one locally grown strawberry sample.
Exceedances of the MRL for chlorate were found in Spanish strawberries. There were also excessive levels of contaminants detected: one case of the repellent icaridin [2], and one of nicotine [1]. Currants also contained several substances; two of the samples were detected with as many as 14 different substances, although these were within the legal limits.
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL**
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blackberry |
9
|
9 (100 %)
|
9 (100 %)
|
1 (11 %)
|
Chlorate |
Strawberry |
86
|
85 (99 %)
|
84 (98 %)
|
11 (13 %)
|
Chlorate (9x); Icaridin; Nicotine |
Blueberry |
34
|
33 (97 %)
|
31 (91 %)
|
-
|
|
Raspberry |
21
|
19 (90 %)
|
16 (76 %)
|
1 (4.8 %)
|
DEET |
Currant |
17
|
17 (100 %)
|
16 (94 %)
|
-
|
|
Gooseberry |
9
|
9 (100 %)
|
9 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Table Grape |
82
|
81 (99 %)
|
80 (98 %)
|
3 (3.7 %)
|
Abamectin, sum; Cetrimoniumchloride; Nicotine |
TOTAL Berries |
258
|
253 (98 %)
|
245 (95 %)
|
16 (6.2 %)
|
Pome fruits contained an average of 7.8 different substances and 0.41 mg pesticide per kg ((average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl (sum), surface treatment agents and bromide)).
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apple |
53
|
51 (96 %)
|
51 (96 %)
|
1 (1.9 %)
|
Chlorpropham |
Pear |
26
|
26 (100 %)
|
26 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Quince |
5
|
4 (80 %)
|
4 (80 %)
|
-
|
|
TOTAL Pome Fruit |
84
|
81 (96 %)
|
81 (96 %)
|
1 (1.2 %)
|
Conventionally produced apples and pears often contain pesticide residues. A total of 53 apple samples were analyzed, 36 of which came from Germany. Only two German samples were free of any detectable residues. A further 26 pear samples were examined, nine from Germany. All of the pear samples contained residues. The insecticides and fungicides most often detected in pears and apples were chlorantraniliprol, phosphonic acid, captan, trifloxystrobin, dodine and dithianone.
Stone fruits contained an average of 5.9 different substances and 0.33 mg pesticide per kg (average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl, sum; surface treatment agents; and bromide). Most of the samples came from Spain, Germany and South Africa.
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apricot |
12
|
12 (100 %)
|
12 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Avocado |
17
|
13 (76 %)
|
12 (71 %)
|
3 (18 %)
|
Chlorate (3x) |
Mirabella |
1*
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Nectarine |
22
|
21 (95 %)
|
21 (95 %)
|
-
|
|
Peach |
17
|
17 (100 %)
|
17 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Plum |
46
|
45 (98 %)
|
42 (91 %)
|
1 (2.2 %)
|
Etofenprox |
Sweet Cherry |
21
|
21 (100 %)
|
21 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
TOTAL Stone Fruit |
136
|
130 (96 %)
|
126 (93 %)
|
4 (2.9 %)
|
Citrus fruits contained an average of 6.5 different substances and 0.71 mg pesticide per kg (average quantity of pesticide excluding fosetyl, sum; surface treatment agents; and bromide).
When the surface treatment substances thiabendazole, imazalil, prochloraz and orthophenylphenol (often applied to the peel of citrus fruits in large amounts) are included in the calculation, the average comes to 3.7 mg pesticide per kg. Most of the oranges, clementines, satsumas, mandarines and lemons came from Spain. Limes came from Brazil, Mexico or Vietnam. Here were MRL exceedances for substances found that are no longer authorized for use in the EU. There were also two notable exceedances for fenbutatin-oxide, an organotin compound that has hardly been seen in citrus fruits in the last few years. These two samples came from Turkey.
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL**
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clementine |
13
|
13 (100 %)
|
13 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Grapefruit |
18
|
18 (100 %)
|
18 (100 %)
|
1 (5.6 %)
|
Buprofezin; Fenbutatin-oxide |
Kumquat |
2*
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
Lime |
11
|
11 (100 %)
|
11 (100 %)
|
4 (36 %)
|
Chlorate (2x); Chlorfenapyr; Lufenuron; Profenofos |
Mandarine |
7
|
7 (100 %)
|
7 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Orange |
36
|
36 (100 %)
|
36 (100 %)
|
-
|
|
Pomelo |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Satsuma |
2
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
Fenbutatin-oxide |
Lemon |
21
|
21 (100 %)
|
20 (95 %)
|
-
|
|
TOTAL Citrus Fruit |
111
|
111 (100 %)
|
108 (97 %)
|
6 (5.4 %)
|
Exotic fruits contained an average of 2.9 different substances and 0.21 mg pesticide per kg (excluding fosetyl, sum; surface treatment substances; and bromide). Fortunately, the situation regarding pomegranates improved: in 2017, 36 % of the pomegranates (mostly from Turkey) were in violation for exceeding the MRL. In 2018 and 2019 the rates of 13 % and 10 % were significantly lower.
Type of Fruit |
No. of Samples
|
Samples with Residues
|
Samples with Multiple Residues
|
Samples > MRL
|
Substances exceeding the MRL**
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pineapple |
18
|
18 (100 %)
|
18 (100 %)
|
1 (5.6 %)
|
Carbaryl |
Banana |
3*
|
3
|
3
|
-
|
|
Fig |
11
|
4 (36 %)
|
1 (9 %)
|
-
|
|
Pomegranate |
40
|
39 (98 %)
|
33 (83 %)
|
4 (10 %)
|
Chlorpyrifos (2x); Cypermethrin, sum; Deltamethrin; Dodin; Sulfoxaflor |
Persimmon |
10
|
8 (80 %)
|
5 (50 %)
|
-
|
|
Prickly pear |
3
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
|
Cape gooseberry |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Carambola (star fruit) |
4
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
Kiwi |
13
|
12 (92 %)
|
11 (85 %)
|
1 (7.7 %)
|
Chlorate |
Lychee |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Mango |
36
|
34 (94 %)
|
24 (67 %)
|
4 (11 %)
|
Fosetyl, sum; Nicotine; Omethoate; Paclobutrazol |
Maracuja |
10
|
10 (100 %)
|
7 (70 %)
|
3 (30 %)
|
Chlorate (2x); Chlorthalonil; Dithiocarbamate; Fosetyl, sum; Lambda-Cyhalothrin |
Papaya |
8
|
5 (63 %)
|
4 (50 %)
|
3 (38 %)
|
Chlorate (2x); Azoxystrobin |
Rambutan (hairy lychee) |
1
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
|
Rhubarb |
5
|
2 (40 %)
|
1 (20 %)
|
-
|
|
TOTAL Exotic Fruit |
164
|
143 (87 %)
|
114 (70 %)
|
16 (9.8 %)
|
Multiple Residues
Residues from multiple pesticides were also detected in a large number of fruit samples in 2019: 90 % of the 674 samples contained residues of two or more substances (89 % in 2018; 91 % in 2017; 90 % in 2016; 89 % in 2015; 95 % in 2014). Illustration 1 depicts the multiple residues in various types of fruit in 2019.
The highest number of substances found this year was in a sample of limes from Brazil and a sample of sweet cherries from Turkey, each with 18 different substances.
The residue findings are strongly dependent on the type of sample and their country of origin. Since the particular focus and risk-oriented questions are different each year, the results from one year cannot be seen as representative of the general situation.
Illustration 1: Multiple residues in various types of fruit (CVUAS 2019)
When making comparisons of the number of pesticide substances used, one must consider that the individual cultures are grown in different climate zones, and are thus exposed to different degrees of pressure from pests. It is therefore often necessary to take individual, differenciated measures of plant protection.
Substances with special features
Phosphonic Acid
Phosphonic acid residues can result from the usage of the fungicidal plant protectors fosetyl and the salts of phosphonic acid (allowed in Germany in fruit and vegetable farming, such as grapes, blackberries and strawberries), as well as from the earlier usage of plant strengtheners (so-called leaf fertilizers).
A legal maximum has been determined for the sum of fosetyl and phosphonic acid, as well as their salts. For fresh fruits from conventional cultivation, 48 % (362 samples) were detected with phosphonic acid, calculated as fosetyl, sum, with up to 48 mg/kg (in blackberries). Fosetyl per se was only detected in one sample (strawberries from Spain; see Table 8). Violations occurred in two samples due to exceedances of the maximum for fosetyl, sum (see Annex 1).
The average rate of pesticide per sample is strongly influenced by the comparatively high average amount of fosetyl residues. Therefore, Table 1 presents the average rates of pesticides per sample both with and without fosetyl (sum).
Info Box
Phosphonic Acid and Fosetyl
Both fosetyl and phosphonic acid are fungicides that are permitted for use in the EU, and fall under the applications area of Reg. (EC) No. 396/2005, regardless of their path of entry.
In addition to the use of a fungicide, another feasible means of exposure could have been via leaf fertilizers that contained phosphonates (salts of phosphonic acid). The categorization of phosphonic acids as a fungicide since the harvest year of 2014 precludes this application, however. There are some indications that plants retain the phosphonic acids, only eliminating them over a period of some years.
Type of Fruit | Parameter Name |
No. of Positive Findings
|
Range (mg/kg)
|
---|---|---|---|
Berries | Fosetyl |
1
|
0.091
|
Fosetyl, sum |
147
|
0.074–54
|
|
Determined as phosphonic acid |
|
0.055–40.2
|
|
Exotic Fruit | Fosetyl, sum |
50
|
0.089–23.1
|
Determined as phosphonic acid |
|
0.066–17.2
|
|
Pome Fruit | Fosetyl, sum |
55
|
0.2–12.2
|
Determined as phosphonic acid |
|
0.15–9.1
|
|
Stone Fruit | Fosetyl, sum |
27
|
0.079–29.8
|
Determined as phosphonic acid |
|
0.059–22.2
|
|
Citrus Fruit | Fosetyl, sum |
83
|
0.073–11.5
|
Determined as phosphonic acid |
|
0.054–8.6
|
Chlorate
The presence of chlorate residues in plant-based foods can have causes other than its application as an herbicide (see Info Box). In fruit, however, chlorate findings play a very minor role in comparison to vegetables. Just 2.7 % (20 samples) were in violation due to an exceedance of the MRL for chlorate; for vegetables it was 14 % in this reporting year.
Info Box
Chlorate
Chlorates are effective as both herbicides and biocides. Since 2008, however, chlorate has no longer been authorized for use as a pesticide* in the EU. Sodium chlorate may also no longer be used in biocide products.
The presence of chlorate in food can result not only from its use as a pesticide, but also due to environmental pollution (contaminated rain or irrigation water and soil), or as a residual of food production techniques, including methods used in farming, processing, preparation, or treatment. The application of biocides, from which chlorate can result, is another possible source of contamination. In general, chlorate can be formed as a by-product of the disinfection of drinking/ industrial water with chlorine gas, hypochlorite, or chlorine dioxide.
The definition for „pesticide residues“ in Regulation (EC) Nr. 396/2005 also encompasses residues from pesticidal substances in food (including substances no longer authorized) that have pathways other than from the use of plant protectors (so-called dual-use substances), such as chlorate in food. In 2019 chlorate is thereby covered by the EU-wide valid default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg, in accordance with Reg. (EC) Nr. 396/2005. After years of discussions, a new formulation of the maximum levels for chlorate in the EU will be valid in spring, 2020. The specific established maximum levels will lie between 0.05 and 0.7 mg/kg, depending on the type of food.
Chlorate inhibits, reversibly, the intake of iodine into the thyroid gland and can cause unwanted health effects, especially in sensitive people such as children, pregnant women, or people with thyroid dysfunction. In addition to affecting thyroid function, chlorate can also damage the erythrocytes (formation of methaemoglobin, haemolysis).* The presence of chlorate in the food chain should therefore be further reduced.
*Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), recommendations of the BfR for health-based assessment of chlorate residues in food, from 12 May 2014 (accessed on 6 Feb. 2019)
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) derived an acute reference dose (ARfD) for chlorate of 0.036 mg/kg bodyweight. Applying EFSA’s EU-based PRIMo-Model for young children and a variability factor of 1, none of the samples exceeded the toxicological reference value and there was thereby no acute health risk. Nevertheless, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) recommends continuing efforts to reduce the possible entries of chlorate into the food chain and the resulting risk to consumers [3]. Analyses of chlorate residues will continue in 2020; in view of the higher legal maximum levels (see Info Box), however, few exceedances are expected.
Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl
The insecticide and acaricide chlorpyrifos has been used to combat against sucking and biting insects in agriculture, against storage pests and ectoparasites in animal husbandry and in the household. Chlorpyrifos belongs to the large group of phosphoric acid esters, whose insecticide effect is based on an inhibition of the cholinesterase. Its triumphal march began after World War II. In contrast to the organochlorine compounds, which are persistent in the environment, organophosphates degrade very quickly. Although their acute toxicity is high ((E605 (parathion) won some dubious prominence in suicide cases because the inhibition of the cholinesterase especially leads to the cramping of the intestinal tract and can result in death due respiratory paralysis)), their chronic toxicity is assessed to be rather low.
In 2014 the European Food Safety Association (EFSA) undertook a new toxicological evaluation of chlorpyrifos and adjusted the acceptable daily intake (ADI, chronic toxicity) as well as the acute reference dosage (ARfD, acute toxicity) downward (see Info Box) [5]. Other adjustments followed: in 2016 and 2018 several maximum residue levels were also lowered. Authorization for its use in the EU ended on 16 Feb., 2020. The transitional period during which the existing substance must be depleted ends on 18 April, 2020, after which the universal MRL of 0.01 mg/kg will apply.
Since chlorpyrifos has been used widely in citrus cultivation and others [4], we were quite expectant to see how many fruit samples would have exceeded the “new” maximum levels (see Table 9).
Type of Fruit | Country of Origin | Chlorpyrifos (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|
Banana | Costa Rica | 0.021 |
Banana | Ecuador | 0.047 |
Clementine | Italy | 0.013 |
Pomegranate | Turkey | 0.026 |
Pomegranate | Turkey | 0.015 |
Grapefruit | Turkey | 0.280 |
Grapefruit | Turkey | 0.020 |
Orange | Italy | 0.026 |
Orange | Italy | 0.088 |
Orange | Morocco | 0.046 |
Orange | South Africa | 0.019 |
Orange | Italy | 0.094 |
Pomelo | China | 0.039 |
Quince | Turkey | 0.076 |
Spain, the country from which most of our citrus fruit comes, already saw this development coming and has largely ceased the use of chlorpyrifos [4].
As with chlorpyrifos, the authorization of chlorpyrifos-methyl, a structurally related compound, will not be extended. The maximum amount will also be lowered to 0.01 mg/kg. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was also used more often in Spain in 2019 (Table 10). Here the producers still need to make adjustments in 2020.
Type of Fruit | Country of Origin | Chlorpyrifos-methyl (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|
Apple | Italy | 0.040 |
Grapefruit | Turkey | 0.220 |
Mandarine | Spain | 0.072 |
Mandarine | Spain | 0.026 |
Mandarine | Spain | 0.017 |
Mandarine | Turkey | 0.018 |
Orange | Spain | 0.055 |
Orange | Spain | 0.016 |
Orange | Spain | 0.068 |
Orange | Spain | 0.011 |
Orange | Spain | 0.066 |
Orange | Spain | 0.032 |
Orange | Spain | 0.035 |
Orange | Spain | 0.093 |
Orange | Spain | 0.059 |
Orange | Spain | 0.089 |
Orange | Spain | 0.037 |
Peach | Italy | 0.012 |
Satsuma | Spain | 0.020 |
Table grape. red | Italy | 0.018 |
Lemon | Spain | 0.066 |
Photo Credit
CVUA Stuttgart, Pesticide laboratory
References
[1] CVUAS, Nicotine in Food – What Does Smoking Have To Do With It?
[2] CVUAS, Insect Spray as Contaminant in Food: Incidence and Legal Assessment
[3] BfR, Der Eintrag von Chlorat in die Nahrungskette sollte reduziert werden; Aktualisierte Stellungnahme Nr. 007/2018 des BfR vom 15. Februar 2018 (accessed on 09.03.2020)
[4] CVUAS, Das „AUS“ beschlossen: in der EU ist das Insektizid Chlorpyrifos nicht mehr zugelassen
Annexes
Substance | Fruits with MRL Exceedances |
---|---|
Chlorate | Strawberry (Spain 9x); Lime (Mexico 2x); Avocado (Colombia, Chile, Peru); Kiwi (Italy); Papaya (Spain, Brazil); Passion fruit (Ghana, Laos); Blackberry (Germany) |
Chlorpropham | Apple (Germany) |
Nicotine | Grapes (not specified); Mango (not specified); Strawberry (Germany) |
Fosetyl, sum | Mango (South Africa); Passion fruit (Colombia) |
Dodine | Pomegranate (India) |
Omethoate | Mango (Peru) |
Chlorfenapyr | Lime (Brazil) |
Carbaryl | Pineapple (Costa Rica) |
Chlorothalonil | Passion fruit (Colombia) |
Dithiocarbamates | Passion fruit (Colombia) |
lambda-Cyhalothrin | Passion fruit (Colombia) |
Cetrimonium chloride | Grapes (Brazil) |
Icaridin | Strawberry (Germany) |
DEET | Raspberry (Germany) |
Profenofos | Lime (Brazil) |
Lufenuron | Lime (Brazil) |
Etofenprox | Plum (Italy) |
Azoxystrobin | Papaya (Brazil) |
Deltamethrin | Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Abamectin, sum | Grapes (Italy) |
Paclobutrazol | Mango (Brazil) |
Fenbutatin oxide | Satsuma mandarin (Turkey); Grapefruit (Turkey) |
Buprofezin | Grapefruit (Turkey) |
Chlorpyrifos | Pomegranate (Turkey 2x) |
Cypermethrin | Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Sulfoxaflor | Pomegranate (Turkey) |
Annex 2: Frequency of detection of the most important substances* for fresh fruit, by type of fruit, as percentage all analyzed samples (CVUAS 2019), in comparison with 2018
Pesticides and Metabolites |
Number of Findings
|
mg/kg
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 0,01
|
< 0,05
|
< 0,2
|
< 1
|
< 5
|
< 20
|
> 20
|
Max.
|
||
Fosetyl, sum | 362 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 112 | 175 | 26 | 15 | 54 |
Fludioxonil | 277 | 81 | 50 | 61 | 66 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6.1 |
Boscalid | 159 | 68 | 45 | 27 | 14 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3.7 |
Trifloxystrobin | 149 | 65 | 49 | 26 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.49 |
Cyprodinil | 145 | 54 | 32 | 24 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
Fluopyram | 124 | 55 | 31 | 28 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.44 |
Pyrimethanil | 120 | 50 | 20 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 4.3 |
Acetamiprid | 101 | 54 | 33 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.13 |
Azoxystrobin | 96 | 49 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.55 |
Imazalil | 93 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 32 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 4.4 |
Tebuconazole | 93 | 51 | 24 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.49 |
Spirotetramat, sum | 91 | 39 | 35 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.18 |
Pyraclostrobin | 87 | 43 | 30 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.69 |
lambda-Cyhalothrin | 84 | 58 | 20 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 |
Difenoconazole | 83 | 69 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.099 |
Imazalil met. FK411 | 83 | 15 | 34 | 27 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.75 |
Myclobutanil | 81 | 51 | 16 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.29 |
Chlorantraniliprole | 80 | 56 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.064 |
Thiacloprid | 72 | 42 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.14 |
Captan | 64 | 8 | 23 | 18 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7.2 |
Pyriproxyfen | 62 | 26 | 31 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.38 |
Fenhexamid | 59 | 18 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 |
Penconazole | 59 | 43 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.27 |
Thiabendazole | 58 | 23 | 7 | 3 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 11.5 |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl | 56 | 32 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.22 |
Deltamethrin | 55 | 31 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.075 |
Spinosad | 55 | 39 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 |
Imidacloprid | 53 | 42 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.086 |
Dimethomorph | 50 | 24 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.91 |
Dodine | 50 | 37 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.097 |
Acetamiprid met. IM-2-1 | 49 | 44 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.015 |
Pirimicarb | 49 | 31 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.23 |
Carbendazim, sum | 47 | 37 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.035 |
Dithianon | 43 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.33 |
Chlorate | 41 | 17 | 16 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 |
Metalaxyl (-M) | 41 | 33 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.077 |
Chlorpyrifos | 36 | 22 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.28 |
Fluxapyroxad | 33 | 19 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.58 |
Pendimethalin | 33 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 |
Trifloxystrobin met. CGA 321112 | 33 | 0 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.066 |
Prochloraz, sum | 32 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3.1 |
Imidacloprid, Olefin- | 31 | 22 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
Indoxacarb | 31 | 21 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.041 |
Dithiocarbamates | 30 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.66 |
Ethephon | 30 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 |
Etofenprox | 30 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.49 |
Hexythiazox | 30 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.038 |
Metrafenone | 29 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 |
Propiconazole | 29 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 |
Methoxyfenozide | 28 | 16 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.15 |
Cyprodinil met. CGA304075 | 27 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.83 |
Cypermethrin | 26 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.14 |
Thiabendazole-5-hydroxy | 26 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.15 |
Fenbuconazole | 25 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.094 |
Quinoxyfen | 21 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
2,4-D | 20 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 |
Bifenazate, sum | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.16 |
Ethephon metabolite HEPA | 18 | 0 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 |
Pirimicarb, desmethyl | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.009 |
Bupirimate | 17 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.23 |
Iprodione | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.009 |
Tebufenpyrad | 17 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.054 |
Fenpyroximate | 16 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.021 |
Phosmet, sum | 16 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 |
Fluopyram-Benzamide | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.014 |
Spinetoram | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.036 |
Trimethylsulfonium cation | 15 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.033 |
Bifenthrin | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.029 |
Buprofezin | 14 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 |
Clothianidin | 14 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.025 |
Hydroxy-Tebuconazole | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.016 |
Tebufenozide | 14 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.043 |
Cyflufenamid | 13 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.048 |
Forchlorfenuron | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Malathion, sum | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
Proquinazid | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.14 |
Emamectin B1a/B1b | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Flonicamid, sum | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 |
Propyzamide | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.007 |
Etoxazole | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.046 |
Fenoxycarb | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.014 |
Gibberellic acid | 10 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.057 |
Kresoxim-methyl | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.031 |
Mandipropamid | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 |
Thiophanate-methyl | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.038 |
2,4-D, sum | 9 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.37 |
Cyantraniliprole | 9 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.094 |
Diazinon | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.026 |
o-Phenylphenol | 9 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 |
Spirodiclofen | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.088 |
Spiroxamine | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.056 |
Sulfoxaflor | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
tau-Fluvalinate | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.026 |
Thiamethoxam | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.068 |
Abamectin, sum | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.016 |
Ethirimol | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.041 |
Metalaxyl met. CGA94689 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.008 |
Myclobutanil met. RH9090 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.095 |
Tetraconazole | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.13 |
Cyazofamid | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.94 |
Iprovalicarb | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.024 |
Metalaxyl met. CGA67869 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.024 |
Piperonyl butoxide | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.38 |
Glufosinate, sum | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 |
Omethoate | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.031 |
Diflubenzuron | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.011 |
Famoxadone | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.057 |
Fluopicolide | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.18 |
MCPA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Nicotine | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.015 |
Paclobutrazol | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.044 |
Pyrethrins | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.026 |
Ametoctradin | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.46 |
Cyfluthrin | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.071 |
Cyproconazole | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.012 |
DEET | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.39 |
Fenbutatin oxide | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.41 |
Fenvalerat/Esfenvalerat sum | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
Pyridaben | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.15 |
Triclopyr | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.007 |
Zoxamide | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.12 | ||||
1-NAD and 1-NAA, sum | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Benzyladenine | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.008 |
Boscalid met. M510F01 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.019 |
Carbaryl | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.022 |
Etofenprox met. Alpha-Co | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.033 |
Fenpyrazamine | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.021 |
Flutriafol | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.32 |
Glyphosate | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.046 |
Triadimenol | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 |
Carbofuran, sum | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
Chlorfenapyr | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Chlormequatchloride, sum | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
Chlorothalonil | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.076 |
Dimethoate | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Dinotefuran | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.006 |
Diphenylamine | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.021 |
Folpet | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.008 |
Methiocarb, sum | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
Novaluron | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Permethrin | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.009 |
Pirimicarb-desmethyl-formamido- | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Profenofos | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.044 |
Spiromesifen | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.009 |
Triflumizole, sum | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.006 |
Triflumuron | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.047 |
2,4-DB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Acrinathrin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Ametryn | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Azadirachtin A | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.011 |
Benalaxyl | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Bromopropylate | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
Cetrimonium chloride | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.045 |
Chlorpropham | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.013 |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl Met. 2,3,5-Trichloro-6-methoxypyridine | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.032 |
Chlorothalonil-4-hydroxy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Clethodim, sum | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Clethodim-sulfon | 1 | . | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Clofentezine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.006 |
Cyazofamid met. CCIM | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.017 |
Cymoxanil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.025 |
Cyromazine | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.078 |
Epoxiconazole | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
Fenpropimorph | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.003 |
Fluazifop | 1 | 1 | 0.009 | ||||||
Flupyradifurone | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.062 |
Flusilazole | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.003 |
Haloxyfop | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Hexazinone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Icaridin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.14 |
Ivermectin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Lufenuron | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.019 |
Metalaxyl met. CGA107955 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 |
Metamitron | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Methidathion | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.003 |
Methomyl | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.003 |
Oxyfluorfen | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Pentachloroanisole | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Pentachlorophenol | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Penthiopyrad | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Phenmedipham | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Pirimicarb-desamido | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.028 |
Pirimiphos-methyl | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Procymidone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Prosulfocarb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.007 |
Prothioconazole-desthio | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Prothiofos | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.007 |
Pymetrozine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.009 |
Quintozene, sum | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.003 |
Tolylfluanid, sum | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
Parameter | Included in the residue definition and analytically recorded |
---|---|
1-Naphthylacetic acid, sum | 1-Naphthylacetamide 1-Naphthylacetic acid |
Abamectin | Avermectin B1a Avermectin B1b 8,9-Z-Avermectin B1a |
Aldicarb, sum | Aldicarb Aldicarb-sulfoxide Aldicarb-sulfone |
Amitraz, sum | Amitraz BTS 27271 |
Benzalkonium chloride, sum (BAC) | Benzyldimethyloctylammonium chloride (BAC-C8) Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride (BAC-C10) Benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC-C12) Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BAC-C14 Benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC-C16) Benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride (BAC-C18) |
Carbofuran, sum | Carbofuran 3-Hydroxy-Carbofuran |
Chloridazon, sum | Chloridazon Chloridazon-desphenyl |
DDT, sum | DDE, pp- DDT, pp- DDD, pp- DDT, op- |
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, sum (DDAC) | Dioctyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C8) Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C10) Didodecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C12) |
Dieldrin, sum | Dieldrin Aldrin |
Disulfoton, sum | Disulfoton Disulfoton-sulfoxide Disulfoton-sulfone |
Endosulfan, sum | Endosulfan, alpha- Endosulfan, beta- Endosulfan-sulfate |
Fenamiphos, sum | Fenamiphos Fenamiphos-sulfoxide Fenamiphos-sulfone |
Fenthion, sum | Fenthion Fenthion-sulfoxide Fenthion-sulfone Fenthion-oxon Fenthion-oxon-sulfoxide Fenthion-oxon-sulfone |
Fipronil, sum | Fipronil Fipronil-sulfone |
Flonicamid, sum | Flonicamid TFNG TFNA |
Fosetyl, sum | Fosetyl Phosphonic acid |
Glufosinat, Summe | Glufosinat MPP N-Acetyl-Glufosinat (NAG) |
Malathion, sum | Malathion Malaoxon |
Methiocarb, sum | Methiocarb Methiocarb-sulfoxide Methiocarb-sulfone |
Milbemectin | Milbemectin A3 Milbemectin A4 |
Oxydemeton-S-methyl, sum | Oxydemeton-methyl Demeton-S-methyl-sulfone |
Parathion-methyl, sum | Parathion-methyl Paraoxon-methyl |
Phorate, sum | Phorate Phorate-sulfone Phorate-oxon Phorate-oxon-sulfone |
Phosmet, sum | Phosmet Phosmet-oxon |
Prochloraz, sum | Prochloraz 2,4,6-Trichlorphenol BTS 44595 BTS 44596 BTS 9608 BTS 40348 |
Pyrethrum, sum | Pyrethrin I Pyrethrin II Jasmolin I Jasmolin II Cinerin I Cinerin II |
Pyridate, sum | Pyridate Pyridafol |
Quintozene, sum | Quintozene Pentachloro-aniline |
Sethoxydim, sum | Sethoxydim Clethodim |
Spirotetramat, sum | Spirotetramat, Spirotetramat-enol, Spirotetramat,-ketohydroxy Spirotetramat,-monohydroxy Spirotetramat-enol-glykoside |
Tolylfluanid, sum | Tolylfluanid DMST |
Triflumizole, sum | Triflumizole FM-6-1 |
Translated by: Catherine Leiblein